I have started my essey. I choose bradycardia as a specific problem.
I am going to send my essey and could you please finish it off.
Can you please write each of my 7 question around 100 words ( so altogether should be arounk 700-900 words ) and each of the question need least 1 reference from book, journals and internet website.
Question 1.How the patient normal physiology/biology changed as a consenquences of the bradycardia?
Question 2. What mechanisum usually controlled the area?
Question 3. Prognosis, what will happwn if the bradycardia is not treated?
Question 4. What are the risk factors?
Question 5. What is the temporary pacemaker?
Question 6. Why Josef had to have a pacemaker?
Question 7. Relationship between hypotension and bradycardia?
See below my “half essey”
The purpose of this essay is to discuss the nursing intervention in the case of a patient with bradycardia, identifying how the condition arose, giving an explanation of its aetiology, and the patho-physiology. It will give a rationale for the appropriate therapeutic intervention and monitoring of the condition. For the sake of confidentiality as required by the (NMC, 2008) the patient will be known as Josef. The essay will begun with the synopsis of Josef`s history and condition.
Josef had been admitted into Hospital in to the cardiac ward with a suspected heart attack, and has been treated accordingly. However he had developed bradycardia.The symptoms of bradycardia, hypotension, sweaty, breathless, nauseated, light headed, distressed, pale and clammy. (ref)
He had a history of hypotension, and his father has suffered a heart attack at the age of 60, and his brother also had a heart attack of age of 55. He smoked 20 cigarettes a day, and also has poor eating habits.
The pulse rate is a number of times the person1s heart beats in one minute. The normal pulse rate is between 60-80 beats per minute, but it varies in different age groups and fitness level. If the heart rate is slower than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia (Marieb & Hoehn 2007). Bradycardia can result in insufficient blood circulation to body tissues (Marieb & Hoehn 2007) and is due to occlusion of right coronary artery and blood supply to the sino-atrial node. (ref.) connected to his recent heart attack and general condition. Explain relation between his general condition and heart attack and bradycardia)
Josef`s injured heart defended itself by lowering the heart rate resulting in bradycardia. The reduced cardiac output resulted in hypotension ( coronary care 4th ed). Usually bradycardia does not need treatment but in Josef`s case it resulted in low cardiac output.
In order to improve his heart rate Josef was given 600mcg atropine. Atropine is a antimucarinic drug which usually used to prevent bradycardia (BNF 2010). ( How the drug works, side effects?) His heart rate improved 40 beats per minute but he remained hypotensive.
It was very important to the nurse to assess Josef`s pain and to supply him with the appropriate analgesia therefore he was asked to quote his pain on the pain score scale. Pain is subjective but still needs to be treated because it can interfere with the benefit of treatment (ref). Although is maybe subjective is still must be treated therefore nurses consult a pain scale developed by …(ref) which they can attempt to make an objective assessment and prescribe appropriate analgesia. For pain relief he was given 2.5mg diamorphine. `Diamorphine relieves both pain and anxiety, which may stimulate catecholamine release and however may cause vasoconstriction and increase cardiac work, making dysrhythmias more likely` (coronary care pg 164) explain why.. Therefore it was necessary to monitor his reaction to the treatment carefully.
Josef`s vital signs were monitored in every 15 minutes. Josef was continuously monitored on ECG screen therefore his pulse rate was assessed. Blood pressure was measured and recorded frequently as a sudden fall could indicate further damage or hypoxia ( lack of oxygen in the blood) (Alexander pf 30). Josef`s temperature remained normal during his hospital stay. Josef`s respiration rate was high (26 per minute) but his saturation was low (86%), so Josef was given 28% of oxygen for 48 hours using a full face mask to facilities easier absorption. As oxygen is a drug monitoring was vital, consequently an oxygen prescription chart was used. The saturation was measured with pulse oximetry and recorded before and after oxygen therapy. Pulse oximetry was very useful to check Josef oxygen saturation and in reducing the need for recurrent arterial blood gas analysis (ref).
How the patient normal physiology/biology changed as a consenquences of the bradycardia?
What mechanism usually controlled the area?
Prognosis, what will happen if the bradycardia is not treated?
What are the risk factors?
What is the temporary pacemaker?
Why Josef had to have it?
Relationship between hypotension and bradycardia?
I need: How the patient
