Business Administration vs. Public Administration
- Public Administration
- Existing Controls
There are existing controls that involve all manner of control, supervision and verification as a whole. But in regard to policies and legislation and more so administrative law they are a set of organized activities by the country, which are made by the legislative body to acquire legitimacy and may use sanctions.
Controls are used to acquire accountability in the public administration by assessing the public officials. One such control is the internal control which offers an extensive connection between the administration and authority organs. This control is based on the constitution laws and global standards agreed by the country[1]. These controls help to ensure the public officials are undertaking their duties as required. The goal of this control is to create systems, models and implementation of policies and processes that would make sure these bodies meet their objectives using available resources.
These control can be involved in exercising control over other administrative body organs connected to the official tasks. The administrative control that is in all of the administrative bodies is changed through legal procedures and policies of much powerful bodies.
So as to ensure effective operation and coordination in the varied administrative bodies, both vertically and horizontally, there is use of a normal and lawful operation of the administration. Internal control is undertaken in a ministry, central institutions and local government. As well as the control presented by the bodies and public institutions in their region.
The government applies control and supervision on the tasks of ministries with the ability to cancel any administrative acts of the government ministries, while with regard to the law, ministries oversee other state bodies[2]. Its goal is to bring about efficiency of control and enhancement of control policies so as to safeguard against violating the law in public administration. So as to handle deviant practices in the public administration bodies like corruption, rules are applied. Through this, human resources are preserved and used so as to elevate social welfare.
Such controls could involve, instancional control which means the public lodging complains. This could be through appealing against a decision. This is intended to protect the public from illegal processes. This is based in the constitution in regards to general administrative processes. Through this process the work of the administrative body is made legitimate in its application of powers.
With regard to hierarchical control, this is undertaken by the ex officio, higher bodies have the right to apply control over the lower bodies. This is based on the existing policies. Auditing is one way so as to ensure objective assessment that would enhance performance of the control. This method verifies information and offers advice that would lead to improvement of the body in question in attaining its goals.
These controls are applied by countries with the aim to satisfy its public. The controls are based on set policies. These controls may however vary with regard to the staff and demographic population available, its goal being quality service delivery to the public as a whole.
- Desired Control
Different from the existing controls, the desired controls are based on global standards of operation for all countries. The public administration have goals that are the basis of operation. This is seen as the basis that they carry out their operations. Internal control in the public administration comprises financial and other controls involving the body, the process and audit set by the public administration so as to acquire effective, and economic process with regard to set policies. It safeguards property and resources, the financial records are well kept for future reference[3]. The standards and processes involved with financial management and control shall be described, advanced and connected by the relevant ministries. Coordination is acquired of the systems and offer guidance.
The controls in the public administration manage public revenues, spending in an effective manner. The people charged with undertaking these tasks operate with regard to the law and safeguards erroneous choices and acts[4]. Additionally, it makes sure that there is constant and reliable reporting of information necessary to come up with vital choices on issues.
For there to be an effective and sufficient control model; sufficient steps by the administrators are taken into consideration. For instance, the tasks they undertake, and authorizations used. High values of the officials are necessary and ensuring a comprehensive management process as well as comfortable working set up.
The regular advancement and renewal of the public administration is necessary for there to be effectiveness in all areas. Its priorities are set on core activities which are undertaken for quality production. This calls for clear focus on the vital activities and an ability for gradual adaptation and regular restructuring. Through this the cost of the processes are reduced and efficiency is increased.
Another priority of public administration to present a good environment for the bodies to advance service and connection with the public. The relation by the bodies offers a good opportunity for the bodies and municipalities to operate at local service areas. The connection with the public, that has already started to take place in some bodies, sets to grow.
The public administration look to be strong and advance innovation and quality. This is acquired through the national council for innovation which backs and enables innovation in the public arena. The body is keen on creation of ideas for enabling access to welfare services and enhancements[5]. The goal is to acquire major advancement for the public.
The public administration bodies have looked to acquire these standards and activities. With this in check, the public bodies look to offer the public and effective and quality services that are well accounted. This applies in all of the bodies in the public administration frame which are supposed to work together to achieve effective service to the public.
The desired controls of the public administrative bodies are set on high standards and are vital to ensure quality service production to the public[6]. These controls are grounded on global policies that comprise all bodies to work in together for exemplary service delivery. The services may vary from one nation to another, but they are based on a single platform which is effective, and reliable service delivery.
- Business Administration
- Existing Controls
Administrative controls offer a base for the companies’ model. They involve processes that are applied to describe the roles, duties, policies and varied administrative activities needed to manage the setting in question. Additionally, they supervise and manage confidential data. These controls may vary from being precise to extensive and may rely on the size of the company. They involve operational policies and processes[7]. Staff security, assessment and clearances, security policies, overseeing operation, user management. Generally, the senior management is charged with the duty of defining objectives.
Companies today undertake due care to make sure their sensitive data is not accessed by other people. The probability for such data to be accessed by other people is left on the security mechanisms applied. The steps take thereof is long. Public officials are held liable for any activity that is not in line with its goals. With the use of business administrative controls, senior managers are able to use policies and processes that state how companies are able to safeguard their data. This on the other hand will offer a basis that can be applied for technical applications, access to client training that will be applied to safeguard company data. The failure on the part of the senior staff to acquire any form of administrative controls offers a platform that needs extensive process to control. Any failure places the whole company in problems. Hence effectiveness of an operation on the hands of the employees with senior manager to observe and monitor.
The administrative controls in a business setting are vital in regards to the choice of technical and physical controls that are applied. The manner data and other assets of the company are classified is reliant on the senior manager. Business administrative controls are applied by companies with the goal to satisfy its clients as well as abide by the law. This is every staff’s responsibility with the supervisory role left to the senior manager. Flaws are well handled by the respective departments for quality production.
- Desirable Controls
Controls in the business administration are applied to test, assess and validate everything about an organization’s operations so as to make sure all elements of an organization are met in whole and set administrative, operational and financial laws are applied. The controls used in a business ought to be all inclusive and should go beyond administrative and operational models.
The goals of the internal controls are set to meet goals, effective processes, align with the set policies of the country, protect assets from misuse and waste as well as acquire reliable reporting and storage of information. The controls of a business administrative should comprise finance, processes and administration. This may comprise quality control that is applied by manufacturing so as to make sure that goods and services are in line with the needs of the clients. Quality control is used as a way tool that that a company sells goods or services to clients.
The administrative body in business apply controls in a number of ways. These controls vary from accounting, managerial, operative, preventive and investigative controls. For instance, accounting controls are bent on ensuring financial operations are well handled and reported, authorized access to assets, and accurate financial data[8]. The administrative and operational controls in an organization are applied to enable efficiency in the tasks, in addition to making sure that the management goals and decisions are applied[9]. Preventive controls are applied to safeguard erroneous acts from taking place.
The controls increase as the company grows in terms of type, size and industry. Setting controls for this business calls extensive process to be applied that are in line of achieving quality standards of operation and quality output. On the other hand, small firms call for use of checks and balances that are in line with company needs.
There are administrative controls that are based on the overall management of the company. This control measure is applied so as to make sure that the staff are in line with the expected standards. While a detective control is used to monitor the processes in the organization to ensure quality production of goods and services[10]. This aims to ensure good connection between the company and the clients in terms of the delivery of service. Quality is of great concern in this control as it helps to detect fraud, corruption and other illegal activities.
The desired controls by business administrative organs are the benchmark that all organization should operate. The processes may be extensive but are necessary to meet the client’s needs which is the ultimate goal. Every process is all inclusive and important for success of the company.
References
Joel, W. Information Technology Management: Small Business Administration Needs Policies and Procedures to Control Key IT Processes: T-AIMD-00-260. GAO Reports p1. (2000):13p.
Josephine, S. Administration: Bedrock for organizational success. Management Services. Spring2013, Vol. 57 Issue 1, (2013): p39-41
Lauren, B. and James, T. Departments of Public Administration and Colleges of Business Administration: Allies or Aliens? Journal of Public Affairs Education; Spring2013, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p239-261, 2013.
Per Lægreid, Koen Verhoest and Werner Jann. The Governance, Autonomy and Coordination of Public Sector Organizations. Public Organization Review 8, (2008):93–96
Zendeli, F. Internal Control of the Public Administration Bodies (Institutions) in the Republic of Macedonia, 2012. http://www.proceedings.univ- danubius.ro/index.php/eirp/article/viewFile/1327/1278 (accessed 7th December 2013)
[1] Lauren, B. and James, T. Departments of Public Administration and Colleges of Business Administration: Allies or Aliens? Journal of Public Affairs Education; Spring2013, Vol. 19 Issue 2, 2013. p239
[2] Ibid, p241.
[3] Per Lægreid, Koen Verhoest and Werner Jann. The Governance, Autonomy and Coordination of Public Sector Organizations. Public Organization Review 8:93, 2008.
[4] Lauren, B. and James, T. Departments of Public Administration and Colleges of Business Administration: Allies or Aliens? Journal of Public Affairs Education; Spring2013, Vol. 19 Issue 2, 2013, p254.
[5] Ibid, 96
[6] Zendeli, F. (2012). Internal Control of the Public Administration Bodies (Institutions) in the Republic of Macedonia. Retrieved on 7th December 2013 from http://www.proceedings.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/eirp/article/viewFile/1327/1278
[7] Joel, W. Information Technology Management: Small Business Administration Needs Policies and Procedures to Control Key IT Processes: T-AIMD-00-260. GAO Reports p1, 2000.
[8] Zendeli, F. Internal Control of the Public Administration Bodies (Institutions) in the Republic of Macedonia. 2012. Retrieved on 7th December 2013 from http://www.proceedings.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/eirp/article/viewFile/1327/1278
[9] Josephine, S. Administration: Bedrock for organizational success. Management Services. Spring2013, Vol. 57 Issue 1, 2013, p39
[10] Ibid, p41
