1. Abstract

A society is attributed to the attitudes and behavior that prevails among its members. These behaviors bring about purposive decision making amongst the persons, given the surrounding they are in. it is definite that with the continued transformation in technology, the society does similar change. In the 20^th century, there were several changes that took place more so concerning the sexual mores. In 19s it was down to only a small percentage of female who took part in premarital sex. Currently, the number has risen. The rise is attributed to technological advancement in the contraceptives that led to the decline in the cost of premarital sex.

The reason for so much social change is due to mechanical inventions and scientific discovery. The coming to being of steam and steel played part to the present urban life, introduction to gun powder led to feudalism, seed planting did away with hunting, and the automobiles has brought about metropolitan places among others. The implication brought about by these inventions is quite immense to the extent that they go against human estimations.

2. Introduction

Social change is the modification in the attitudes and behavior that the society is attributed to. The reason as to why the society changes are because of the advancement in the society’s technological surrounding. With the production of the society possibilities grow higher as result of the growth of technology, it becomes necessary for some people to transform their behavior so as to benefit from the prevailing situations. The size would be limited at the beginning but with the advent growth of technology a lot more people will join the fray. It is common that attitude holdup behavior. At the beginning it may not be acceptable but with time it becomes conventional. Social change is hence a transformation in a section of the society acquiring a certain form of attitude or behavior. The best way to present this is through the transformation in the sexual mores which took place in the 20^th century.

It was at the beginning of sociology that a difference was acquired as well as being misleading, according to Auguste Comte, who is termed to as the father of sociology, made two different categories, the social statics and social dynamics. Bringing about the variation is the aspect of society and biological organism.

3. Change in sexual mores

In the 19ths the issue of premarital sex was almost unknown to most teenagers. But by the year 2002, most of them have already undergone it. This is attributed to technology of contraception and information about it in the prior century. By 1968, only a small section of female had shown acceptability to premarital sex, this was about 10%. As time grew, it began to increase to 40% with experience, and 45% in 1983 (Greenwood & Guner, May 2008). With growth in time, the women went from having a single husband in to having double husband. Considering the rise in concern of the developing sexual behavior, measures to solve has not brought fruits.

When getting involved in this risky activity, the parties taking part talk about of the factors involved; the use of contraceptives and abortion will decrease premarital sex while on the other hand HIV/ AIDS increases. The people taking part also vary in what they desire in sex; one has similar aspects so as to enjoy it. This makes one to have a certain search form just as in marriage. Considering that people take partners that they have similar views it is believed that they will pick from a social group that bears in their beliefs. The people taking part in these social groups are hence endogenous; it is therefore the variation in sizes brings about social change.

With the desire to meet structures that match, the population makes itself into two social groups; the ones with the desire an abstinent relationship to flow specifically to persons they have a common ideal, while promiscuous are placed together. This structure is more likely to display a fast transitional change. This is necessary as sexual practice has acted fast to contraception.

There are other ways of encountering social change according to Cole, Mailath and Postlewaite (1992) in their format of social norms. In the past, societies have had systems that control premarital sex like making it a taboo. Those people who were found taking part in this from of behavior were outcast or chased from the community. Taking this into consideration, most people decided to abide with the norm so as to not face such wrath. This belief still is impacted by technological advancement as it is becoming had to maintain this behavior. According to Algan and Cahuc (2007), who looked into the variation of employment in OECD states, it came to their knowledge that there was an advancement of household technology. It similarly came to their knowledge that employment implication with the increase in female correlate to the aspects of culture. Another aspect of social change is brought about by the shifting of preferences as time goes by. The preference that a child has is impacted upon by the investments made by the parent. Parents who were promiscuous while young would impact a positive attitude to their young ones as opposed to the ones who did not engage in promiscuous activities in their early stages in life. These preferences bring about drive for technology. The coming into being of contraception has led the youths to get involved in premarital sex to bring about children who will even be more exposed to the same social norm. It is consequent that young ones who get involved in premarital sex have a great effect to the past and future generations.

4. Theories of Social Change

Social changes are characterized by three theories. In the emergent change it is attributed to our daily changing, adaptation as well procedures of unconscious and conscious acquisition of knowledge through experience and the change that comes about due to it. This involves all the members of the society changing their lives according to varying realities of attempting to elevate and advance their knowledge and actions, of creating what they have gradually though learning and adapting. This form of change is still in existence.

This change happens when has no knowledge and vivid pathways and structures, it is however more risky when compared to conscious change. In conscious change the structures are well known. This type of change is also met when there is a solution acquired for a crisis or period of expectable change. The instances or desire for emergent change as opposed to an organized form of expectable change may arise due to several factors like fatigue after several changes or expectable change so as to cover the advantages accrued. Limited conscious change typically is chaotic and still in formation and hence quite hard to acquire. On the other hand, conscious situations are quite easy to read considering it is composed of a coherent appreciation of itself. In both cases, emergent change is known to be as an accompanying learning.

Another form of change is the transformative change where one undergoes crisis and unlearning. It is definite that as one develops, he or she has to undergo some form of crisis. This may be attributed to the inner state of advancement like during adolescent the hormones bring out the true realities of life. The crisis may be attributed to people getting involved in conflicting relationships with the world propelled by the life aspects (Reeler, 2007). The crisis brings about the change for transformative change. As opposed to emergent change which is a learning process, transformative change is about the undoing the learning process. It involves relieving the learning process in the social being from the correlations and distinctiveness which states rigidly the crisis and block resolution and acquisition of a healthy status. The crisis may from in-depth and difficulties. Crisis is solved when one is conscious and led through transformation change.

In projectable change people here work with a plan. People here are able get hold of issues and solve them and imagine varied things. They are able to formulate change so as to meet the changes they desire. This form of change is meant to meet our own development personally or as a group. This change tends to take over where negative issues and opportunities are clear in a proper situation which is not impacted by a crisis. In situations where the surrounding is stable and expectable and an expectable change not acquired do not impact needed outcome, it is hence that the projectable change comes into being and planned ventures are acquired.

The awareness that people to have concerning the constrictive availability of social facts is made positive with the any form of alteration to our normal trend in the social aspects of life. They however happen when there comes to being new social instances that result to people coming together who are making efforts to try and comprehend what they are expected to do. If people get to know what is not noticeable when they undergo immediate drastic changes, it is hence that knowledge is acquired. It hence may not come to a surprise that most of the significant changes came about due to several immediate changes ever undergone by human.

It may not be surprising that the study of the society came about due to a breakdown of the normal trend of life. It hence came to being that social transformation was appreciated. For instance, Marx was able to bring about the evaluation of social change in an evolutionary mode which brings to light that the human past has a series of production instances; tribal, and feudal among others. According to Durkheim, social change is brought about by the changes in the social morphology or format of the social correlations which interfaces people into one society and a moral form (Hadis). His change is composed of a difference between division of labor and mechanic solidarity. Weber was on the other hand tracking the path of the acquisition of the human life. His mode of social change involved every area of social life.

The coming into being of sociology in the US, more and more led people to leave the European aspect of social transformation and advancement. The American society was quite fast transforming. On the other hand, the mind-filled people of the negative impact of war acquired followers in Atlantic. According to American sociologists, the transformation is a process and was influenced by several innovations. The role played by the United States was to act with the coming to an end of World War II; it however terminated the isolationist trends of the US culture. In addition to Americans getting to know of the other form of world apart from theirs, they similarly had to acquire the capitalist and take them to Cold War and way ahead.

5. Education and social change

There have been several changes that have taken place in the areas of education since the 80s as well as 90s which are now rigid. New forms of curricula have been acquired and elevated evaluation methods. Education systems are more and more being lay open to scrutiny, through the publication of performance. A broadening of the management of the schools has been enhanced by management boards. This diversification correlates well with desire to acquire policies meant to bring about and advance markets in education where parents have right to select the schools and they have to select ways to appeal to consumers. Similarly, the teacher education and training has been transformed. The extensive transformation has intense impact on the correlation between education and state. The transformations that have occurred in the education sector in the past years have had an impact on sociology in education. Sociology has not had its place in the education system; this has consequently led to a decline in education practitioners (Warde, 2001). On the other hand education has acquired a significant ground which has been brought about by the changing in the policies. These changes have led to remapping of the ground. Considering that the prior form of education was marred by matters of access, selection and equality issues of knowledge have acquired much benefit in education. In varied number of ways education sociology has changed. These changes may be characterized by the massive policies in the education area.

6. The advent and maturation of modern society

The change that took place in the society and resulted to industrial revolution is actually attributed to be the most significant change in the society ever since the start of evolution. The transition started with the global evolutionary methods aiming to plot the design of the human society from the start to the end. This was narrowly trailed by theoretical schemes that brought about pre-modern and modern society as a major aspect and laid focus on the change that took place from one to the other. These were similarly trailed by global theories which brought about the social change, for instance the human past.

Sociology was adversely affected by the Cold War. In the period where the western countries and the communists were involved in heavy competition, the intellects laid focus to the issues affecting these states. With this transformation in the intellectual environment, sociology transformed as well from modernization in the western countries to a holistic modernization. Countries like Germany went through great industrialization and production were contrasted from the basic unit of the society and restored to the bigger organizations. This brought about the aspect where German men still had control in their families but the same time they were subjected to unrestricted rule by other sections. This led to hindrances that wanted to control their own homes but were still under control by another authority. Though for a short period of time, the Germans found redemption in Nazism.

7. Conclusion

The social change that had taken place and took place is applied to show the transformation which occurs in human interactions and relations. Some of the transformation that took place in the beginning did receive some resistance before it was later accepted. Though not all of the changes that took place are considered beneficial, the ones that were considered negative were automatically rejected and replaced by others. In the present world, social change still does happen and is impacted by varied things which influence its speed, direction and desire or similarly rejection. It is therefore should come to the human being that social change is necessary, what matters is the impact it would have on an individual and the society.

Bibliography

Greenwood, J., & Guner, N. (May 2008). Social Change. Discussion Paper.

Hadis, B. F. (n.d.). SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE. Retrieved March 24, 2012, from http://www.google.co.ke/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=Sociology+and+social+change&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCsQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fchss.montclair.edu%2F~hadisb%2Fdev3w.pdf&ei=enBtT7ieBJD-8QOzuZ2_DQ&usg=AFQjCNEOp8V1PAeRY7m-f9stGQqE9twVEg

Reeler, D. (2007). A Three-fold Theory of Social Change and Implications for Practice. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation.

Warde, A. (2001). SOCIOLOGY and SOCIAL CHANGE. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Social Change Research Paper: Change in sexual mores