Running Head: Theoretical Framework
Table of Contents
Introduction: Specification of the Theory for the study. 2
Proponents and Points of the theory. 2
Supports of the Exposition of the theory. 3
Illustrations of the Theoretical Framework. 3
Theoretical Position of the study. 6
Bibliography. 7
Theoretical Framework
Introduction: Specification of the Theory for the study
This paper tries to look at how gender has an effect on the legislative behaviour and the importance that this impacts have on the substantive women that are represented. Women voting patterns have been found to be more of liberal and more or less not contrastingly different from their male partners. When regression is applied gender is not that significant when determining the voting behaviour to which a negative impact is attributed (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). The cohesion of voting patterns establishes that congressional women are more cohesive than their male partners. It is hence a finding that congressional women illustrate a different form of legislative behaviour that tends to illustrate a huge representation of women and matters related to them. Women have consequently led to empirical measurements of how they have changed for the past two decades.
Proponents and Points of the theory
Women who have joined the congress have been accustomed to polarization of varied forms of patterns to a certain extend and as a result it has led to a large implication. These women have been associated with a wide range of political parties which go a long way to dividing them (Frederick). Women are steadily emerging with a vast range of political experience and play a better role in elections. Women have also been associated with influential voting as well as their male counterparts, the absolute and relative approach of both men and women are considered (Ura, 2004). Consequently, the voting patterns and behaviours as seen by the women result to certain behavioral implication.
Supports of the Exposition of the theory
The Scholars of politics concerning gender term the difficulties of congressional polarization to be found in the first stages of the research. Conservative women join the house, of the 104th Congress, led to the establishment of ideological outliners which has gone on to grow with time (FREDERICK, 2011). According to the US House of Representatives in the office of the clerks, when the first woman called Jeannette Rankin was elected to the house in the year 1917, there resulted to an immense large number of changes in the house. It has since then come to the increase of the number of women representatives over time. Dalton attributed the voting aspects of the political parties of the developed countries for the women to be as a result of party connections as well as varied forms of socioeconomic matters. He however went one to state that certain factors of the same do come to play but it mostly falls in the culture and ethnic society that one is connected to (Gaddie & Bullock, 1995). Barry added his voice through stating that the socioeconomic aspects will be difficult to the other populations.
Illustrations of the Theoretical Framework
The districts that are connected to the women voters are seen to have a great impact on the voting patterns of women as well as the parties they are connected to (Griffin, Newman, & Wolbrecht, 2006). In the diagrams below, the parties division from the constituencies of the women has grown over time with the highest being 24 point for Sen. John Kerry. However, the districts of the women has seen a dip over time, a smaller number of women possess districts with little or no feverish for parties.
Figure 1: Partisan differences in Presidential vote percentage in districts by female house members, 97-109 Congresses
Figure 2: Percentage of Female House Members Representing a district won by presidential candidate of another party in previous election
Figure 3: Partisan makeup of female House Members, 109th Congress
Theoretical Position of the study
Women politically different in politics than men, based on the feminist theory, women have a perception and values that are quite significant than their male counterparts. It is a consequent that sex has a bigger impact in politics; the quality of representation by men and more so women (Hartman). It is thus women are politically relevant in significant ways. Women are hence taken to be more liberal in Congress and hence electoral interface leads to the establishment that gender or other features of a certain member of Congress does not weigh his act as a legislature.
Bibliography
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Foundations of Empirical Research.
FREDERICK, B. (2011). Gender Turnover and Roll Call Voting in the US Senate. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy.
Frederick, B. (n.d.). The Feminine Side of Polarization in the U.S. House. American Political Science Association.
Gaddie, R. K., & Bullock, C. S. (1995). Congressional Elections and the Year of the Woman: Structural and Elite Influences on Female Candidacy. Social Sciences Quarterly.
Griffin, J. D., Newman, B., & Wolbrecht, C. (2006). SEX, PARTY, AND THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN. American Political Science Association.
Hartman, M. (n.d.). “Women in Power – A Theoretical Framework”. Institute for Women’s Leadership.
Ura, J. D. (2004). The Congressional Gender Gap: Gender Effects on Congressional Voting Behavior. Midwest Political Science Association.
