Glucose meter

Glucose meter

Introduction

Estimated 23.6 million people (8% of population) in the United States, 48 million people (7.8% of population) in Europe (Hearts.org, 2010), and 125 million people (% of population) in Asia have diabetes, according to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as of 2010 (Diabetes.org, 2011). In 2010 over 700,000 people died due to the complications related to diabetes and 77,000 died by heart attack [www.cdc.gov]. ……….. Many of those patients even have the cadiac pacemaker activated and the implanted antenna inside. One of the reasons could possibly cause by the effect of glucose level to the cardiac pacemaker that made implanted antennas defuctioning (Hossain Parvez and others, (2007). Mostly, a condition of diabetes affects on insulin resistance in which it results in an inability to control glucose levels in blood stream. The change of glucose concentration from normoglycemia to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia shifted the resonant frequency and thus lowered the characteristic performances of an implanted antenna. Based on the fact that the glucose levels affect the dielectric properties of blood, muscle, fat and skin in which the antenna and biomedical devices are located (idf.orgm, 2011; Worlddiabetesfoundation, 2011). These patients required frequent monitoring to prevent the effect of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. However, fasting blood glucose test and other at-home monitoring procedures are methodologies that cause common discomfort to the patients (dshs.state.tx.us 2011). Therefore, a need has been required for reliable continue monitoring technology for implantable cardioverter pacemakers and defibrillators to help patients better manage their medical treatments and avoid their heart failures. In order to reduce or totally eliminate this diabetes related deaths on cardioverter patients, a new generation pacemaker requires a hybrid biotelemetry with a microwave antenna that has less sensitivity to the surrounding human biological tissue.

References
Diabetes.org, 2011. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/
dshs.state.tx.us (2011). Diabetes statistics. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from
http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/diabetes/pubstats.shtm
Hearts.org (2010). Diabetes in Europe. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from
http://www.heartstats.org.uk/datapage.asp?id=4529
idf.orgm (2011). Diabetes facts. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from http://www.idf.org/
Worlddiabetesfoundation (2011). Diabetes facts. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from http://www.worlddiabetesfoundation.org/composite-35.htm
Hossain Parvez and others (2007). Obesity and Diabetes in the Developing World — A Growing Challenge. Retrived on 25th April 2011 from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp068177

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