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- List four major divisions within modern Judaism. Explain how they differ from one another.
- Orthodox Jews – strive to preserve traditional Jewish culture and religion and resist the secularizing elements of modernity.
- Reform Judaism – popular mainly in United States and Europe. Reform emphasizes the universality of traditional Jewish values, interfaith Dialogue, and social activism.
- Conservative movement – in between orthodox and the reform which arose in the nineteenth century led by Sabato Morais. it is firmly rooted in the rabbinical tradition but more relaxed in matters of religious practice than is the Orthodox movement. it is distinguished from Orthodox but greater concern with the historical and critical study of the Bible and rabbinical material.
- Reconstructionist Judaism – grew out of the conservative movement. the founder understood the Judaism is not only a religion but a culture with its own history, laws and arts. therefore, it is not enough to practice Judaism as a religion, the entire Jewish culture must be study and experience. the reconstructionists provide complete support to the state of Israel as the home of Jewish culture.
