A labor union had once been whites only but is now integrated. Its membership rules used to state that to obtain employment through the union you had to be related to or recommended by a union member. Such a rule would now be:
a. not illegal because segregation had been eliminated
b. not illegal because Title VII does not apply to unions
c. illegal because blacks who entered the union would be junior to whites in seniority
d. illegal because it would perpetuate past intentional discrimination
