African Civilizations During the Expansion of Slavery

1.     African Civilizations During the Expansion of Slavery

1. Historian Alfred Crosby refers to the flow of species, knowledge, and disease across the Atlantic as the . Africa’s primary export to the American colonies was        . African societies gained important new crops from the Americas, including           (also known as corn) and             (also known as cassava).
2. Slavery was present in Africa before it was seen as a source of slaves for Europe, following patterns similar to those of other   Sub-Saharan Africa had long been a source of slaves for North African societies that practiced the           religion. The occidental slave trade with Europe and the Americas targeted                     and Central Africa. Slave traders most frequently obtained slaves by                                      African leaders. Slaves were also exported to India and southwest Asia in what is known as the            slave trade.
3. Africa’s primary import in the slaving era was gold, silver, and jewelry; much of the continent experienced an exchange of productive human beings for   Historians estimate that more than                    Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas between the 1500s and the 1800s. Many died of disease during the                            , the voyage by ship across the Atlantic Ocean.