Breast Cancer Review
Breast Cancer has been the most common cancer diagnosed to women, since the year 1997 although there have been few cases of men breast cancer. Estimates of 49,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the year 2010 and less than 1% of the total population comprised of males (Locke and Eeles 2010). According to age-standardization (AS) incident of 124.4 per every 100,000 individuals with an estimate of 50% of the diagnosed individuals being women aged 50-69 years. This incident has been identified to increase over a duration of 70% but it declined drastically in the year 2005 (Breast cancer screen review 2005). This was because of screening and the utilization of the HRT.
During the year 2011, breast cancer was the third common cause of cancer death in the UK and the entire world among women. There was an account of 15% women who died out of the infection (Sauter and Daly 2010). The AS mortality rate in the year 2012, was 100,000, accounting for 11,500 death in that year. An estimate of 90% of these death occurred in women aged 50 years and above. During the year 2011, there was an estimate of 280,130 cases where individuals were diagnosed; in which 230,480 were invasive cases while 57,650 cases were because of situ carcinoma. It was approximated that 83% of the individuals had ductal carcinoma in situ.
During the current incidents, women born today have a high chance of contracting breast cancer. Gender has been identified as the most vital risk of breast cancer; this is according to a survey carried out in the year 2011, whereby the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 100 times greater than men are (Patidar, Ateneriya, and Choudhary 2012). Age is also a contributor to breast cancer, where most of the advanced breast cancer cases are over 50. Between 2010 and 2012, the mortality rate of women from all races and regions combined, declined by 2.2% annually with a high decrease noted on women younger than 50 years (Locke and Eeles 2010). This indicates that the decline has been contributed to by the earlier realization of the infection through screening and the increased awareness together with improved treatment.
It is evident that breast cancer remains to be second leading cause of cancer death in the whole world, seconding lung cancer. According to the most recent data, an estimate of 11% women died from breast cancer over the past five years. Reviews on large clinical trials state that every 2000 women screened, a life is recovered and out of these, 10 women have treatment they do not require while 200 encounter the stress of false and positive results. The main way of surviving from the illness is early detection; this means that when it is treated at its early stages, the 5 year relative survival rate of breast cancer is 99%. The outline of breast cancer screening is revised regularly to analyze that new research conclusions and developments.
There is minimal consensus based on the guidelines in regards to the optimal ages from the commencement and conclusion of the screening (Patidar, Ateneriya, and Choudhary 2012). The guidelines of screening are different based on the recommendations used in clinical breast cancer examination and breast self-examination. According to the analysis of women with average risks, annual screening is recommended as long as the individual’s health is stable. Clinical breast examination done after every three years is recommendable for women in their 20s and 30s, and annually for women with the age of 40 and above. Breast self-examination is a better option for women starting from age 20; it is advisable that these women seek instructions from trained health providers.
References
Breast cancer screen review. (2005, May 28). The Times. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/319301881?accountid=35812//
Locke, I., & Eeles, R. (2010). CLINICAL REVIEW: Breast cancer screening. GP, , 38-38. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/225163266?accountid=35812//
Patidar, A., S, C. S., Ateneriya, U., & Choudhary, S. (2012). A comprehensive review on breast cancer. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2(1), 28-32. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038159761?accountid=35812//
Sauter, E. R., & Daly, M. B. (2010). Breast cancer risk reduction and early detection. New York: Springer.
