Results
Remind reader of research question and which tests will be presented.
Possible subheading: Differences in perceived stress between smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers.
Introductory sentence……… This part of the study focused on………
Table 1: Descriptive statistics for………
Group Mean PSS score SD
Smokers (n= )
Ex-smokers (n= )
Non-smokers (n= )
e.g. …. As can be seen from table one smokers reported greater perceived stress when considered in relation to the other two groups (you could insert mean scores here too).
A one-way ANOVA was conducted and found a significant difference between the three groups in terms of perceived stress scores F(2, 67)=8.95, p<.001.
If your ANOVA is significant here, you have three groups, so you could do a post hoc test.
‘A Tukey post-hoc test was conducted to further explore findings and primarily as there was a significant main effect of smoking status on perceived stress scores. The Tukey test found that the smokers differed significantly from the non-smokers in terms of perceived stress scores (p<.001)…….’
then you can talk through the other two comparisons….. smokers with ex-smokers and ex-smokers with non-smokers……. You may refer to the largest difference between the means (think about which group have the highest stress scores) and refer to your table of descriptives, e.g. ‘As can be seen in table one, the smokers group had the highest scores on the PSS measure…’
You may want to include a three bar chart as an extra?
If you know how to interpret Levene’s test, then do please include.
Possible subheading: Smoker and ex-smoker differences in nicotine dependence scores
…… this aspect of the study was interested in examining………. To do this an unrelated t-test was conducted on smokers and ex-smokers to examine their dependence on nicotine (do please insert your own words here as you will know what the measure is described as).
Table 2: Descriptive statistics for smoker and ex-smoker scores on Fagerstom…….
Group Mean SD
Smokers (n= )
Ex-smokers (n= )
For the unrelated t-test, again a table of descriptives would be useful and for the t-test you can say something like….. a related t-test found that smokers scored significant higher on ‘dependence’ scores (M= ) than ex-smokers (M= ).
You might include reference to if the groups had equal variances or not (Levene’s test) as well.
