Base on the reading, answer these questions:
1. What is psychological egoism? What is ethical egoism? What is the social contract theory of ethics?
2. Why do contract theorists argue that it is rational for individuals to abide by certain rules provided that others do the same? Why would rational contractors agree to rules against assault and murder, theft and arson, lying and breaking promises?
3. Describe the objection that social contract theory defines the scope of the moral community in a way that is too narrow. Why is it thought to exclude ‘marginal’ humans, members of weaker nations, future generations, animals and the environment?
4. Briefly describe utilitarianism. Why does it include ‘marginal’ humans, weaker nations, future generations and some animals? Which is the more compelling normative theory, social contract ethics or utilitarianism?
