In Krysa v. Paine, where Paine‘s Car Company was found to have committed fraud
in the sale of a truck to Krysa, what did the court rule regarding the punitive damages
award?
a. Punitive damages are allowed at 9:1 in cases involving personal injury but incon-
tracts must adhere to a 3: 1 ratio.
b. Punitive damages are limited to 9:1 in all cases.
c. Punitive damages should never have a cap or their function as a deterrent and punish-
ment would be lost.
d. Punitive damages are not available in a fraud action based on a contract.
e. Punitive damages of 27:1 are permitted in cases of extreme fraud.
