Socioeconomic and cultural aspect
The Brazil nation has different mixture of ethnicities and races. This results to a great richness in diversity. The Mestizos race is the most common race in the country, which was a result of Portuguese settler’s marriage to the Brazilian native women. The Mulattoes was a result of the African slaves and the Portuguese although slavery was banned in the country back in 1888. This resulted to a blur of racial lines in the country. The country’s natives have intermarried resulting to a combination of different cultures and races including the Indigenous ancestry, Europeans and Africans (Crocitti, 2012).
Brazil being a case against rejuvenation theory, its social structure favors its economic system dynamism. The country’s income concentration assisted by the country’s rigidity socio-political structure, helped in the formation of a massive internal market of goods. The country built a complex and incorporated its industrial center (Crocitti, 2012). Even though the country’s social rigidity allowed the emergence of a different type of modernity, there were bound to be challenges regarding the model’s viability.
Population, growth of population
The country’s population has been on the rise after the new century. Initially, Brazil’s population was at 17,438,434 but by 1950, the population rose to 51, 944,397 rising up to 93,139,037 in 1991. With this, the country was considered the sixth most populated country globally. In 1996, the population was at 157,079,573. By the year 2000, the population was estimated to be over 250 million (Stanton, 2009). The number of female is said to have outnumbered that of the male thus creating a historical prevalence of women over that of their male counterparts. Results indicate that there are ninety men for each 100 women. The average age of the country’s population has increased because of the continued decline in fertility and mortality rates
Labor force (distribution of labor in different sectors of the economy)
Unemployment plus labor income deterioration in the Latin nation has affected the country’s development over the years. Over the past years, there has been perseverance of poverty and inequity, which can be attributed by the bad performances in the labor markets. The labor markets in Brazil are advantageous to the poor people in the country in that, they provide an expanding opportunity to the poor natives.
Level of unemployment and underemployment if applicable (take historical
perspective)
The levels of underemployment and unemployment in Brazil has been fluctuating. The main employment sector, which outperforms the overall employment market since the nation’s decline is the finance, real estate and the business services. The other main sectors of employment are the utilities and industry. The two sectors greatly underperformed the general job market during the post-recession period. Lately, the country’s employment situation shows a decline at the rate at which the citizens are UN employed and how they earn their earnings. Currently, the employment to population ratio is at 53.9 percent. This is with regard to underemployment measures thus meaning, fewer Brazilians than ever employed unofficially. This can either be few working hours than what they expect to work or peanuts in terms of their earnings. In May 2011, the country’s unemployment rate fell to 6.0 percent matching the previous year levels. This was the lowest unemployment rate since 2002. (King,2010).
Human Development Index rating
In 2007, the Brazil’s Human Development Index shot up, rising from 0.808 to 0.813 in a spurn of one year. With the steady rise, the country was ranked 75th by the United Nations Development Program. In most situations, the rise in the figures represents the rise in human development levels among the various nations. Even though the Brazil nation has had a steady rise in its Human Development Index (H.D.I), the Nation is still miles behind some of the Latin American countries like Chile, Argentina, Venezuela and Cuba when it comes to Human Development Index (Carbaugh, 2011). Despite Brazil’s elevated Human Development Index, the nation has many social inequalities making it being ranked among the most unequal nations globally. Recently, Brazil has been ranked with countries such as Haiti, Honduras, Namibia, Bolivia and South Africa.
Cost of labor (per hour, per day, per month), if possible also find cost of
labor in specific fields (especially in the industry you want to enter)
An employee working extra hours in Brazil is a common scenario. Recently, the country’s chief signed a law order, which will allow companies to pay overtime rates for the employees who work after the normal working hours. Initial fears indicate that the labor will only make cost of hiring expensive thus discouraging more employers from employing and recruiting workers (Gragnolati, 2011). In some incidents, the employees are forced to protest because of poor pay and lack of proper working conditions. Workers Unions have been formed by the workers to help them fight for their rights. This is the best means at which they can express their views and grievances to their employers and the government.
References
Crocitti, J. J., & Vallance, M. (2012). Brazil today: An encyclopedia of life in the republic. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
Carbaugh, R. J. (2011). International economics. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Gragnolati, M., & World Bank. (2011). Growing old in an older Brazil: Implications of population ageing on growth, poverty, public finance and service delivery. Washington D.C: World Bank.
King, T., & World Bank. (2010). Economic aspects of population and labor force growth in Brazil. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Stanton, W. (2009). The rapid growth of human populations, 1750 – 2000: Histories, consequences, ssues, nation by nation. Brentwood: Multiscience Publ.
