political and public policy basis of emergency

PLease read the following to help answer the questions:
1. Unit 3, Part V; Managing Terrorism as an Environmental Hazard, pp. 659-675.
2. Unit 3, Part V; Planning for Weapons of Mass Destruction/Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Agents, pp. 677-690.

PLease answer following questions:
1. In his article on Managing Terrorism as an Environmental Hazard, Waugh (p.660) contends that “the nature of the violent phenomena, the complexities of the intergovernmental and multi-organizational responses, and the practical problems of designing and implementing effective programs to prevent or minimize the effects of terrorism suggest that an all-hazards emergency management strategy would be most appropriate.” Waugh offers six basic models of terrorist violence and goes on to describe the process of terrorism, theories of response, as well as strategies for intervening in the process of terrorism (pp. 660-665).

Based on the above information, critically analyze why it is important to apply a comprehensive emergency management model to the terrorist threat.

2. The Winslow article states that the Staford Act does not provide for assistance in terrorist events, and it does not cover law enforcement activities (p. 684). In addition, Winslow (p. 686) contends that “prior to the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici legislation, acts of terrorism were handled as either local crimes, managed as a law enforcement response, or as a national problem, managed by the FBI. This new program creates a new responsibility for local governments while providing no ongoing financial support for it.”

The above was written prior to 9/11. Critically analyze how the political and policy environment has changed since 9/11, including the impact on local government.

3. Using either the Kabra and Khator article (p.521) or the Zafarullah, et. al., article (p.545) as a policy case study, please answer the following: