Using the Prisoner’s Dilemma mechanism frame the US-China trade conflicts as a case study along with the role of the World Trade Organization within this dichotomy to explore the major barriers to effective global governance within the international system, In addition compare this to the concept of Governmentality by using the UN Millennium Development Goals as a case study to explore the move away from sovereignty and judicial preoccupation to discourses around socialisation in international politics and the obstacles to achieving. In conclusion, by drawing together the opposing principles of ‘Game Theory’ and ‘Governmentality’ highlight that the barriers to effective global governance are interpreted by the ways in which each analytical approach understands governance and its underlying dynamics.