Consistency maintenance, which is a key issue in groupware research and systems, is supported by a variety of concurrency control techniques. These techniques can be pessimistic (it does not allow concurrency to occur) or optimistic (it allows concurrency to occur and then fixes inconsistency), explicit (the user explicitly controls concurrency) or implicit (the system controls concurrency in the background without the user’s knowledge), coarse-grained (it applies to the document in its entirety) or fine-grained (it applies to a portion of the document), and CCI-compliant (it complies with all three consistency properties: convergence, causality, and intention) or non-CCI-compliant (it complies with some or none of the three properties). Representative concurrency control techniques for static documents include floor control, locking, serialization, operational transformation, and anything else you find relevant. Give application examples and existing groupware systems where these techniques have been used or are applicable. Critique the pros and cons of these techniques. Discuss their ability and inability to support certain collaboration activities.
Write an essay on concurrency control techniques. The essay should be formatted using a conference style, for example ACM or IEEE conference template, and its length should not exceed 10 pages. It should include reasonable number (not less than 10) of references
