“Question three”: American History from 1877
The history of the American policy saw its birth stretching back from the American Revolution; It begun, with instituting of the United States, shortly after the revolution until the American Spanish war. The foreign policy of United States indicated a regional, not international, center of attention, yet with a long-term goal of achieving an “Empire of Liberty,” (The ideology being to build a vast empire of liberalization). The philosophy mainly geared at enriching democracy across the continent, upholding liberalization internationally and bringing to an end both cold and world wars. 1777 of December saw the Morocco Sultan Mohammed III, including America in a list of nations to which Morocco’s ports were open, which made Morocco the first nation whose state head openly accepted the United States. This was followed by binding formalities in 1789 in the Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship.
This followed by a financial and military alliance in 1778 with France, which ushered Netherlands and Spain in war against the British. This dramatically instigated the American war of revolution into a world war, where the military supremacy and British naval were defeated. Franklin, Jefferson and Adams as diplomats’ availed America liberty recognized as an independent state, together with large sums of loans to the new established government. The 1783 treaty of Paris served as an advantage to United States furthering the Atlantic to River Mississippi. Foreign affairs of America from self-rule in 1776 to the adaptation of the Constitution in 1789 were managed under the Articles of Confederation directly by Congress till the new government formed a department of foreign associations and foreign affairs under the office of secretary on January 10, 1781.
The origins of the Cold War were most visible in about 1945–1991. This was mainly an ongoing state of military and political pressure between western world powers, pioneered by the United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international organization (NATO) allies, and the communist world, led by Soviet Union and its satellite states. This was followed after their success against the German Nazi, which left the US and USSR as super powers with enormous political differences and economic strength. The Soviet Union formed the Eastern Bloc having with it satellite states which comprised of European eastern countries. This ushered in the recovery of the post war of Western Europe engineered by the United States Marshall plan. NATO forged by the United States as a military alliance applying containment of communist strategy through the Doctrine of Truman in 1949, on the other hand, the Warsaw pact in 1955 was formed by the Soviet bloc.
After world war two, the Department of State reached the peak of its control and power. Through the supervision of three strong and significant Secretaries of State: John Foster Dulles, Dean Acheson, and George Marshall. This contributed to major changes in U.S. policy overseas, while the McCarthyism targeted the department at home. In 1945 when Harry S Truman became President, most of Europe and Asia were in ruins. Even when the Axis powers had been conquered, a new risk surfaced on the horizon. The Soviet Union and the United States, who initially were allies during World War II, emerged as global powers, gradually more in disagreement with each other. 1947 saw efforts to uphold collaboration between Washington and Moscow out of order completely. Truman, operating closely with two self-assured Secretaries of State Dean G. Acheson 1949-1953 and George C. Marshall 1947-1949 took crucial steps to hold Soviet growth in regions where United States had interests.
In June 25 1950 to 27 July 1953 war with the republic of Korea backed up by the United Sates together with its allies, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea supported by the Soviet Union and China. This war broke out due to divisionism of the super powers at the end of World War two. The discrepancy is traced back in 1910 when the Empire of Japan ruled the Korean Peninsula. This followed by the surrender of the Empire of Japan in September of 1945, the American administration then divided the peninsula, having occupancy of the U.S military on the southern part and the Soviet Military on the northern part.
The Soviet Union and the United States had fought as allies against Nazi Germany during World War II. But the alliance began to crumble as soon as the war in Europe ended in May 1945. Tensions were apparent in July during the Potsdam Conference, where the victorious Allies negotiated the joint occupation of Germany. The Soviet Union was determined to have a buffer zone between its borders and Western Europe. It set up pro-communist regimes in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania, and eventually in East Germany. As the Soviets tightened their grip on Eastern Europe, the United States embarked on a policy of containment to prevent the spread of Soviet and communist influence in Western European nations such as France, Italy, and Greece.
