Please answer each question below
FIRST:
is not uncommon for researchers to use other researchers’ instruments for data collection. Researchers may be able to obtain permission from the original author or purchase copyrighted surveys to reproduce and/or use to construct their own instruments. This process increases the reliability and validity of your survey instrument.
Find and then review the description of one survey, scale, or instrument that relates to the variables you chose for your upcoming survey. Discuss:
how the survey/instrument was developed,
the sample it is appropriate for,
how it was normed, and
issues related to how you could use it for a research study.
You may find surveys in published articles, the Mental Measurements Yearbook (a database in the CUC library), or by searching online.
The Mental Measurements Yearbook may be accessed from the “Databases” tab on the left hand side of the Klinck Memorial Library. Search any of the Databases to select “Mental Measurements Yearbook.”& nbsp; Login using your CUC user name and password, then search for a key word from one of the variables and stakeholders used in your first Discussion Forum post. Please note that in most cases you will not be able to see the actual survey, but will be able to read a description of the instrument with details for how it can be used and purchased.
HERE ARE TWO EXAMPLE TO DO SIMILAR TO THEM:
FIRST EXAMPLE:
urveys are ways to gather feedback/information of interest, which may be helpful in making important decisions. Surveys are most meaningful when you need information directly from the individual about what they believe or know (Fink, 2013). Information may be presented in a self-administered questionnaire format or in an interview format (Fink,). In today’s society surveys are everywhere. Researchers will often develop their own survey that is specific to their purpose/question or utilize a standardized measure. Survey Monkey is one of the most popular free on-line survey programs where you may create and publish online surveys.
This researcher has always been interested in factors related to student achievement, specifically the impact of behavior/emotional difficulties on student achievement. The variables for this researcher’s survey are Academic achievement and Counseling referral. Students with emotional and behavioral challenges are likely referred for counseling.
The tool/survey under review is the Student Behavior Survey (SBS) by Stephen N. Axford (2000). The purpose of the survey is to rate behavior and classroom performance to reflect emotional and behavioral adjustment problems. The teacher-completed SBS is part of a comprehensive evaluation of student adjustment when used with the parent-completed Personality Inventory for Children and the self-report Personality Inventory for Youth, which is targeted for Grades 4 through 12, and is the item the researcher is most interested in.
The Student Behavior Survey (SBS) was standardized through a process that involved many steps and extended over 5 years. In the initial item selection process responses of 1,173 regular education and 601 special education students were used. Based on similarity to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual –IV (DSM-IV) 48 items were selected (Lachar, Wingenfeld, Kline, Gruber, 2000). It is an affordable instrument and considered to be a well designed instrument for assessing emotional and behavior adjustment and classroom performance (Lachar, Wingenfeld, Kline, Gruber). The concern with this scale is the rationale for the constructs measured by the SBS is not complete and the process for selecting the final 102 items does not provide enough information to judge the process (Lachar, Wingenfeld, Kline, Gruber). Another possible issue is that this researcher would only use the Student Self Report and not the Teacher and Parent Reports, which are intended to be a part of a comprehensive assessment of the student.
SECOND EXAMPLE:
It has been argued by Fink (2013), that surveys can be used to compare, describe or explain individual and societal knowledge, feelings, values inferences and behavior. Surveys from prior study can be very beneficial to researchers studying similar issues. In addition, it is believed that surveys used for research purposes can transfer into new course of actions, planning, assessments and other possible changes. This assignment the two variables are discussed -Teacher attrition rate and effective school leadership. The stakeholders are teachers
This author found a survey that was conducted on teacher attrition rate. This revealed that, high rates of teacher turnover limit schools’ ability to create productive learning environments and are disruptive to program continuity and staff cohesion. Less experienced staff increases the principal’s administrative load and require increased supervision and curriculum oversight (Allen, 2005; Theobald & Michael, 2001; Krei, 2000; Croasmun et al., 1999; Montgomery County Public Schools, 1999). Turnover also strains districts’ limited financial resources (Allen, 2005; Ondrich, 2005; Darling Hammond & Sykes, 2003; Fitz-ens, 1997). Benner (2000) estimated that teacher turnover costs districts 25 to 35 percent of employees’ annual salaries, including the resources needed to recruit and hire new teachers, hire substitutes, and provide training and professional development for new teachers.
This survey was conducted to determine possible risk factors contributing to teacher attrition. All responses were anonymous. The respondents were asked not to include their names on the survey. They were asked to rate how strongly they agree or disagree with a number of statements about their current working conditions particularly the influence of leadership. This researcher would like to expand this survey to include public and charter High school teachers. Sample questions include but not limited to;
Please rate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements about your current working conditions. Circle your best response as: strongly disagree (SD), disagree (D), agree (A), or strongly agree (SA).
1. The local community members, including parents, are SD D A SA
Involved in school decisions.
2. There is trust and mutual respect within the school SD D A SA
among teachers and administrators
3. The administrators seem willing to make changes SD D A SA
as necessary for school improvement.
4. Decisions that affect the entire school are made SD D A SA
collaboratively.
5.Classroom are adequate. SD D A SA
There are several other questions in this survey. For this research however, one of the issue is that not all the questions are applicable to this c-scenario.
Norms are statistics that describe the test performance of a defined group of pupils. The normative sample was discussed in detail on teacher turn- over rate. The sample reviewed is highly appropriate for this activity. In addition this could be used as a great model for action research in educational leadership.
Q 2:
For each of the following two scenarios describe the population, the sample, and name the sampling technique/strategy used by the researcher. Discuss the appropriateness of the strategy, and if the sample number is acceptable. Use citations to support your claims and if you disagree with the methods then please suggest ways it could be adapted to better survey this topic.
1. Joseph Rodriguez is surveying attitudes of the public regarding the ethics of collegiate recruiting of athletes. He goes to a professional baseball game in his city on a Saturday and gets his sample by interviewing 100 people standing in line at one of the hot dog stands.
2. Sarah Kha Lee wanted to analyze the attitudes of her city’s elementary school children toward recycling. She selected 3 schools out of the 75 in her city and surveyed all third, fifth, and seventh graders during their lunch period. This gave her 22 classes, with 601 students all together. She selected these schools because the children were known to be similar to those in the rest of the city in intellectual ability, in ratio of whites to nonwhites, and in the percentage of students who received free/reduced fee lunches.
PLEASE ANSWER THIS QUESTION IN 400WORDS OR MORE
HERE is MY FRIEND EXAMPLE
In this activity two scenarios are given to describe their population, sample and techniques/strategy used. In the first scenario the researcher is surveying the attitudes of the public regarding the ethics of college recruiting athletes. According to Fink (2013), researchers sample because it is efficient to do so and because it contributes to the precision of their research. In addition, samples can be studied more quickly than entire target populations, and they are also less expensive to assemble. Scenario 1 the researcher attended a baseball game in his city on a Saturday. The researcher obtains his sample size by interviewing 100 people standing on line at one hot dog stands.
The sampling technique used by this researcher is best described as convenience non-probability approach. It has been argued by Fink (2013) that, in convenience sampling, participants is selected because they are available. Thus in this kind of sampling, some members of the target population have a chance of being chosen whereas others do not. As a result, the data that are collected from a convenience sample may not be applicable at all to the target group as a whole.
This sampling technique would not be the most appropriate for a valid response to the type of survey the researcher is conducting. The purpose of the survey is to get the attitude of the public. Therefore a sample size of only 100 from a restricted area (hot dog stands) would not give a good representation to support the claim of the population attitude. The problem is the data collected by the happy evaluator with the perfect response rate could very well be biased, because the evaluation excluded many of the people at elsewhere at the game, as well as those not present at the game that Saturday. A simple random sampling technique would be more appropriate for this study since it involves the attitude of the public.
In the second scenario the evaluator wants to analyze the attitude of city elementary school children towards recycling. In this activity 3 schools were selected out of 75 and all third, fifth and seventh graders were involved during their lunch periods. The sampling unit consisted of 22 classes with 601 students overall. Fink (2013) discussed that sampling enables the evaluator to focus precisely on the characteristics of interest. For example, a sample of the population with precise characteristics is more suitable for many evaluations than the entire population.
The sampling technique used in this scenario is best described as random sampling. According to Fink (2013), in a simple random sampling, every subject or unit has an equal chance of being selected. This equality of opportunity led to random samples being considered. The researcher could adapt a better survey strategy for example, stratified random sampling technique. This is the case in which the population is divided into subgroups, or strata, and a random sample is then selected from each group. For example, in the schools male and female students recycling categories of high = +1, or low = -1 depending on the frequency of recycling. Furthermore, this survey could be divided into other subgroups such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Random selection tends to guard against bias.
It is also believed that a stratified sampling strategy can give the evaluator just what he or she needs. A sample of the population with precise characteristics is more suitable for many evaluations than the entire population.
Q3:
Using information from the article by design in response rates online (Ganassali)(1).pdf . The Influence of Design of Web Survey Questionnaires on Quality of Responses. Survey Research Methods, 2 (1), pp 21-32, describe how the issues of drop-out rates, filling-up rates, abundance, variety, and participant satisfaction can be addressed in your own projected survey (whether online or paper and pencil). SEE THE LINK
http://www.lesphinx-developpement.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/internet_QR_SRM.pdf
HERE ARE MY FRIENDS ANSWER PLEASE ANSWER SIMILAR TO THEM
The main purpose of this discussion is to describe how various survey research issues are best dealt with. These issues include, drop-out rates, fill-up rates, abundance variety and participation satisfaction. The drop-out rate can be a substantial problem within some Internet surveys and can reach a frequency of 15-20% (Healey, Macpherson and Kuijten 2005). Drop-out participants are those who started the survey however they never complete it. Factors that contribute to the drop-out rate are the number and type of questions in the survey. Too many questions as well as open-end questions are usually not online friendly for on-line participants. It has been argued by Fink (2013), that drop-out rate can impact on-line surveys particularly when open-ended questions are used.
Other factors such as abundance which reflects the quality of the indicators and variety which include more or less the same points, can affect the survey process. Participant satisfaction, reflects a good predictor of the survey’s ability to maximize response quality and quantity. It has been argued by Ganassali (2008), that satisfaction of the respondents may predict the ability of questionnaire to maximize the response quantity and quality. In addition, Andrew, Nooneck & Preece discuss the inability to identify all on-line users , web-based users do not provide generalize results due to self-selection, non-probability type sampling.
These factors can also impact this researcher’s current research process. Therefore special attention will be given to the type of questions and the presentation of the survey. This researcher is focusing on attrition rate of secondary teachers in both charter and public schools. Therefore the researcher intends to make the survey participant friendly and self-motivating while paying close attention to these issues.
– SECOND EXAMPLE:
It is unavoidable thing as we conducting a survey, the drop outs and useless answer sheet. I think a
face to face questionnaire or survey may get a higher filling rate. But the advantages of web-
based surveys include: they are inexpensive and the provide a quick response rate especially in
comparison to surveys delivered via mail (Fink, 2013). Web based survey could reach more sample
and respondents which is meaningful in the research.
People easily drop out of a survey if it is long, tedious and meaningless to the respondents. As
Ganassali (2008)put it in the essay reciprocation, consistency (“desire to be consistent within attitudes,
beliefs, words and deeds”), social validation (how similar others are acting), authority, scarcity and liking
are needed in a ideal survey. As the author mentioned about “don’t know”item could judge the inter-
activeness of a survey or quality of a survey, the idea bring a new thread to me. I used to believe it is hard
to make a decision for a respondents.
The research on College language teachers’ proficiency on Technology is supposed to conducted among
teachers, they are thought to be reciprocation, constituency and liking to the research topic. I hope teachers
are interested in this topic.
The survey would be done within 20 minutes, and I want to know if I would avoid “I don’t know” item
and only four items like the following .
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Fink (2013) advance email to the respondents explaining the study, purpose of the survey, plea for
participation, and completion adding a personal touch to the survey. L like Email for it is the most
convenient way to do a survey, and respondents could do the survey at any time and location, the
survey environment is friendly.
Q4
ratings and rankings (Ovadia)(1).pdf states that: “By using a ranking system, the researcher predicates the study on the fact that values exist in a hierarchical, zero-sum system. By using a rating system, it is assumed that the importance of one value has no necessary effect on the other values in the individual’s system.”Think about your own survey that is being developed and design either a ranking or rating question that captures the nature and structure of the values/beliefs you are measuring. Describe why and how you would use this.
SEE THE LINK BELOW
Ratings and rankings: reconsidering the structure of
values and their measurement
BY SETH OVADIA
(Received 24 July 2002; accepted 19 February 2003) PDF
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Most if not all researchers use some form of rating system when they conduct surveys. It has been argued by Ovada (2004), that certain structural and psychological factors may affect the possible total amount of importance placed on the values. Individuals only have a finite amount of time and energy, which places limitations on the ability to engage in activities that verify the importance of their values. On the contrary rankings may be more likely to induce satisficing, as a result of the increased amount of effort required to complete the survey, however both rating and ranking are vulnerable to respondent satisficing. Fink (2013) discussed that rating scales used in research require the participant to place the rated item in a given category. Ranking on the other hand involves a comparison of more than one factor.
In this research activity this researcher opted to use the Likert scale for participants to respond to the survey questions. This 5 point scale use a ranking system that shows a series of response from (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) Neither agree/disagree (4) agree and (5) strongly agree. The respondent is able to determine the value of and ranking of each independently. This is represented by rankings (1-5) and value strongly disagrees to strongly agree. This Ordinal scale helps to categorize data more accurately.
my other friend
Ovadia(2002):If the question is about which values will be acted upon in situations
where choices must be made, the ranking and rating systems will both point us in the
same direction. However, if the questions of interest are about the relative importance
of a value for A as compared to B, the method will lead to different conclusions:
ranking will indicate no difference whereas rating will show a difference.
It clearly shows the difference between ranking and rating. In most educational researches,
rating scales are more popularly conducted in the survey. That is maybe the surveys focus
on the attitude and belief.
The ongoing research would apply the rating scles , Likert scale, by the items like stongly
degree to strongly disagree, which is zerosum systerm to get ordinal scale would more useful.
After the factor analysis, the variables could rank to show which factor is the most important contributor.
– Introduction
Ovadia (2004) recommends the use of both rating and ranking scales to benefit from what each has to offer the surveyor. As illustrated in the article, the World Values Survey (as cited in Ovadia, 2004) describes using both methods where respondents “were asked a question that was first answered with a ranking system, and then asked the same question later in the survey, but with a rating system for response options” (p. 408).
Ranking Scale
Please rank the following considerations you think play in colleges recruiting when selecting potential students. The top ranked should be assigned the number 1 and the lowest rank the number 5.
____ Prestigious high school
____ Grade Point Average
____ SAT/ACT scores
____ Completed Courses
____ Athletic ability
Rating Scale
How important do you think grade point averages are to a high school student?
Not important
at all
Somewhat important
Important
Extremely Important
1
2
3
4
Conclusion
As the 30-plus-year debate continues as to which method is better, the model of value system of each, and the outcomes of asking participants the same question twice Ovadia (2002) makes an interesting observation. Ovadia (2002) explores the idea of “using the two methods together, researchers not only generate better data about the value systems of individuals, but also adopt a more sophisticated model of the value system itself” (p. 412).
Recommendations
Ovadia, S (2002). Ratings and rankings: reconsidering the structure of values and their
measurements. Social Research Methodology, 7 (5), pp403-414.
please answer each question separately
